Globalization Under and After Socialism by Pula Besnik

Author:Pula, Besnik [Pula, Besnik]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Published: 2018-11-20T16:00:00+00:00

Figure 4.3. Number of joint ventures in 1990 by country plotted against FDI stock in 1995 (in millions USD)

SOURCE: UNCTADstat, UNECE (1996).

One might question the degree to which the number of joint ventures in a country in 1990 reflect prior patterns of protoglobalization. Could interest by foreign firms as registered by 1990 data be independent of any historical developments in the field of industrial cooperation? While this is possible, Figure 4.4 shows that the number of joint ventures in existence in 1990 correlates strongly with interfirm ties as they stood in the mid-1980s. The general pattern is thus: Interfirm ties led to future joint ventures, and joint ventures led to future FDI, ceteris paribus. For the most part, then, states best situated in the early 1990s to attract FDI were not simply those that adopted specific policies in the reform era, nor those that inherited a particular industrial structure. Instead, FDI patterns reflected the uneven diffusion across economies of organizational capacities for transnational production that were created as a result of long-standing experience of collaboration with manufacturing TNCs. In general, how productive forces were shaped under socialism mattered more than the specifics of postsocialist reform in determining the competitiveness of nations in the globalizing world economy that Central and Eastern European economies were becoming rapidly incorporated into during the 1990s.

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